Siwan Dwellings: A Blend of Tradition and Practicality

Siwa Oasis, nestled in Egypt’s arid desert, has long been home to a unique architectural tradition. Let’s explore the fascinating features of Siwan dwellings:

Materials and Construction:

Karsheef: Siwan homes are constructed using a blend of karsheef, a durable stone mixture made from clay, salt, and fine sand found along the salt lake shores. These walls were once bonded with clay, creating sturdy structures.

Palm Wood: Ceilings and doors are typically fashioned from palm wood. To reinforce the roofs against rainfall, mud and olive leaves are applied.

Rooftop Terrace: Most Siwan residences feature two stories and a rooftop terrace. This elevated spot provides a cool retreat during scorching summers and a gathering place under the open sky during evenings.

Interior Spaces:

Upper Floor: The upper floor houses bedrooms, a lounge, and a kitchen. It’s where daily life unfolds.

Winter Room (Gharfit Nshtee): The lower level often contains a snug room known as the “winter room.” With small windows, this cozy space becomes the heart of family gatherings on chilly nights. Everyone huddles around the central hearth called “al kor,” fueled by glowing olive wood coals.

Traditional Bakery (Stah):

Adjacent to the house stands the traditional bakery, or “stah.” Shaded by a canopy of palm fronds or reeds, it’s a hub of culinary activity.

Clay Ovens: The clay oven, or “tabunna,” fueled by palm branches, is used for baking bread. Smaller clay ovens called “amunsees” cater to regular cooking, although modern butane stovetops are now common.

Challenges and Adaptations:

Rain Vulnerability: While Siwan homes effectively insulate against extreme temperatures and deter insects, the karsheef walls are vulnerable to heavy rain. Rare occurrences like the years 1930, 1970, and 1985 have led to complete destruction.

Termite Threat: The prevalence of termites poses a risk to the palm wood used in construction.

Modernization: Some residents have abandoned traditional homes in favor of modern structures made from white stone, altering the Siwa Oasis landscape.

In summary, Siwan dwellings blend tradition, practicality, and resilience, reflecting the unique lifestyle of this secluded desert oasis12.

Image source: Shutterstok
Ref: iaarc.org, academia.edu, re-thinkingthefuture.com